1
Country: Netherlands | Funding: €42.5M
Thorizon is building a molten salt modular reactor that will use long-lived nuclear waste in combination with thorium as fue. It was founded as a spin-off from the Netherlands’ national nuclear research institute, where molten salt technology was developed quietly for decades. The reactor will use nuclear waste as fuel and provide both power and high‑temperature heat with sufficient safety. Thorizon’s patented cartridges divide the reactor core into smaller modules, unlocking the benefits of off-site series production and modular scalability. Easy to operate, move, and deploy, these cartridges make building reactors faster and more flexible than ever. The first plant construction will start in the early 2030s.
Thorizon is building a molten salt modular reactor that will use long-lived nuclear waste in combination with thorium as fue. It was founded as a spin-off from the Netherlands’ national nuclear research institute, where molten salt technology was developed quietly for decades. The reactor will use nuclear waste as fuel and provide both power and high‑temperature heat with sufficient safety. Thorizon’s patented cartridges divide the reactor core into smaller modules, unlocking the benefits of off-site series production and modular scalability. Easy to operate, move, and deploy, these cartridges make building reactors faster and more flexible than ever. The first plant construction will start in the early 2030s.
2
Country: Switzerland | Funding: $43.5M
Transmutex develops designs and software for an accelerator-powered technology that turns existing nuclear waste into clean energy and produces radioisotopes for medical and industrial applications. The technology is offered to nuclear power plant operators and includes full support from procurement to maintenance. The main idea is mixing thorium with nuclear waste and transforming it into energy (heat or as electricity) and more short-lived elements that will decay within 300 years - less time than it takes for a plastic bottle or a cigarette butt to degrade in the ocean.
Transmutex develops designs and software for an accelerator-powered technology that turns existing nuclear waste into clean energy and produces radioisotopes for medical and industrial applications. The technology is offered to nuclear power plant operators and includes full support from procurement to maintenance. The main idea is mixing thorium with nuclear waste and transforming it into energy (heat or as electricity) and more short-lived elements that will decay within 300 years - less time than it takes for a plastic bottle or a cigarette butt to degrade in the ocean.
3
Country: Denmark | Funding: $33.6M
Copenhagen Atomics is developing thorium molten salt reactor technology, with a focus on low electricity prices and fast installation. Its first test reactor (planned for 2028) and first commercial reactors (planned for 2030s) will run on 5% enriched uranium as fuel salt and thorium as blanket salt. With high enriched Li7 for optimal neutron economy, CAs reactors will have better neutron economy than any other reactor ever designed or build (according to the startup). The first reactors will not be breeder reactors, meaning that they will generate more fissile fuel than they consume. But they will have breeding ratio approaching 1. In the long term CA wishes to make thorium breeder reactors in the thermal spectrum (slow neutrons). CA has also invented the Onion Core technology, enabling a compact reactor that can be mass-manufactured efficiently while requiring only a small amount of materials.
Copenhagen Atomics is developing thorium molten salt reactor technology, with a focus on low electricity prices and fast installation. Its first test reactor (planned for 2028) and first commercial reactors (planned for 2030s) will run on 5% enriched uranium as fuel salt and thorium as blanket salt. With high enriched Li7 for optimal neutron economy, CAs reactors will have better neutron economy than any other reactor ever designed or build (according to the startup). The first reactors will not be breeder reactors, meaning that they will generate more fissile fuel than they consume. But they will have breeding ratio approaching 1. In the long term CA wishes to make thorium breeder reactors in the thermal spectrum (slow neutrons). CA has also invented the Onion Core technology, enabling a compact reactor that can be mass-manufactured efficiently while requiring only a small amount of materials.
4
Country: USA | Funding: $30M
AMPERA develops next-generation subcritical thorium-based microreactor systems for AI data centers, that are energy dense and do not require refueling. Its nuclear module is designed to provide decades of reliable carbon-free power with exceptional energy density, safety, and longevity. The company also plans to process the raw thorium in-house at its facility in Florida and to use its proprietary jetting technology to manufacture high-quality Tri-structural Isotropic (TRISO) fuel kernels.
AMPERA develops next-generation subcritical thorium-based microreactor systems for AI data centers, that are energy dense and do not require refueling. Its nuclear module is designed to provide decades of reliable carbon-free power with exceptional energy density, safety, and longevity. The company also plans to process the raw thorium in-house at its facility in Florida and to use its proprietary jetting technology to manufacture high-quality Tri-structural Isotropic (TRISO) fuel kernels.
5
Country: USA | Funding: $18.1M
Clean Core Thorium Energy develops advanced nuclear fuel (ANEEL) for existing reactors and for upcoming small modular reactors. It's a thorium based fuel that allows using existing reactors unchanged. By achieving greater output within existing safety margins, ANEEL Fuel substantially reduces operating costs of existing reactors. Through high burnup fuel performance, it reduces nuclear waste generation by (according to the company) over 85% and reduces waste storage volume. By ensuring proliferation resistance using thorium in ANEEL Fuel, nuclear capacity can be deployed to nations that were previously unaddressable
Clean Core Thorium Energy develops advanced nuclear fuel (ANEEL) for existing reactors and for upcoming small modular reactors. It's a thorium based fuel that allows using existing reactors unchanged. By achieving greater output within existing safety margins, ANEEL Fuel substantially reduces operating costs of existing reactors. Through high burnup fuel performance, it reduces nuclear waste generation by (according to the company) over 85% and reduces waste storage volume. By ensuring proliferation resistance using thorium in ANEEL Fuel, nuclear capacity can be deployed to nations that were previously unaddressable
6
Country: India
IYNS TechSolutions develops 10 MWe / 30 MWth molten salt micro-reactor SUK‑M that runs on thorium. It is intended to use for hydrogen production, industrial heating, desalination, etc.
IYNS TechSolutions develops 10 MWe / 30 MWth molten salt micro-reactor SUK‑M that runs on thorium. It is intended to use for hydrogen production, industrial heating, desalination, etc.
