1
Country: USA | Funding: $2.9B
Commonwealth Fusion Systems is collaborating with MIT to create SPARC - the world's first fusion device that produces plasma that generates more energy than consumes. This compact, high-field tokamak will be built using high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets. CFS technology uses the new superconductor Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxide (REBCO) to produce the most powerful and most compact fusion magnets. Once SPARC is built, the company plans to build the world's first fusion power plant capable of generating hundreds of megawatts of power. CFS research is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy.
Commonwealth Fusion Systems is collaborating with MIT to create SPARC - the world's first fusion device that produces plasma that generates more energy than consumes. This compact, high-field tokamak will be built using high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets. CFS technology uses the new superconductor Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxide (REBCO) to produce the most powerful and most compact fusion magnets. Once SPARC is built, the company plans to build the world's first fusion power plant capable of generating hundreds of megawatts of power. CFS research is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy.
2
Country: USA | Funding: $1.5B
TAE Technologies is on a course to commercial fusion energy. It's fusion machine design is compact and linear so a commercial fusion power plant would be easily expandable for mass manufacturing. TAE is pursuing fusion with hydrogen-boron (a.k.a. p-B11 or p11B) because it is plentiful and radiation-free, making it the most sustainable option for running and maintaining commercial fusion power plants. TAE’s method to generate fusion power is called Advanced beam-driven Field-Reversed Configuration (FRC). All together, TAE’s approach to fusion can deliver a affordable product that has high energy density, high availability of fuel and no risk of pollution, proliferation, breakdown or toxic waste, making it the ultimate clean energy source.
TAE Technologies is on a course to commercial fusion energy. It's fusion machine design is compact and linear so a commercial fusion power plant would be easily expandable for mass manufacturing. TAE is pursuing fusion with hydrogen-boron (a.k.a. p-B11 or p11B) because it is plentiful and radiation-free, making it the most sustainable option for running and maintaining commercial fusion power plants. TAE’s method to generate fusion power is called Advanced beam-driven Field-Reversed Configuration (FRC). All together, TAE’s approach to fusion can deliver a affordable product that has high energy density, high availability of fuel and no risk of pollution, proliferation, breakdown or toxic waste, making it the ultimate clean energy source.
3
Country: USA | Funding: $1B
Helion Energy uses fusion energy to provide pure, safe electricity. Helion's fusion generator elevates fusion (Deuterium and helium-3) fuel to temperatures greater than 100 million degrees Celsius to achieve plasma conditions and directly obtains electricity with a high-efficiency pulsed approach. Magnets confine the plasma in a Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) and speed up two FRCs to 1 million mph from opposite ends of the generator. When the FRCs collide in the center of the system, they are further compressed by a strong magnetic field until they reach fusion temperatures greater than 100 million degrees Celsius (9 keV). At this temperature, the deuterium and helium-3 ions are moving fast enough to surpass the forces that would otherwise keep them apart, and they fuse. This emits more energy than is consumed by the fusion process. As new fusion energy is generated, the plasma enlarges.
Helion Energy uses fusion energy to provide pure, safe electricity. Helion's fusion generator elevates fusion (Deuterium and helium-3) fuel to temperatures greater than 100 million degrees Celsius to achieve plasma conditions and directly obtains electricity with a high-efficiency pulsed approach. Magnets confine the plasma in a Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) and speed up two FRCs to 1 million mph from opposite ends of the generator. When the FRCs collide in the center of the system, they are further compressed by a strong magnetic field until they reach fusion temperatures greater than 100 million degrees Celsius (9 keV). At this temperature, the deuterium and helium-3 ions are moving fast enough to surpass the forces that would otherwise keep them apart, and they fuse. This emits more energy than is consumed by the fusion process. As new fusion energy is generated, the plasma enlarges.
4
Country: USA | Funding: $900M
Pacific Fusion is developing a high-gain pulsed magnetic fusion system. Pulsed magnetic fusion involves rapidly compressing a fuel in a container with a powerful magnetic field created by passing high, rapidly increasing electric current through it. This compression heats and inertially holds the fuel, converting hydrogen into helium and releasing massive amounts of energy. The system is highly modular, enabling affordable manufacturing and rapid iteration. It uses commonly available materials, simplifying supply chains. The modular pulser can be optimized for a wide range of target designs.
Pacific Fusion is developing a high-gain pulsed magnetic fusion system. Pulsed magnetic fusion involves rapidly compressing a fuel in a container with a powerful magnetic field created by passing high, rapidly increasing electric current through it. This compression heats and inertially holds the fuel, converting hydrogen into helium and releasing massive amounts of energy. The system is highly modular, enabling affordable manufacturing and rapid iteration. It uses commonly available materials, simplifying supply chains. The modular pulser can be optimized for a wide range of target designs.
5
Country: Canada | Funding: $392M
General Fusion is developing utility-scale fusion power using a new, patent pending concept based on recent developments in Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF). It is the goal of General Fusion to demonstrate and commercialize this new clean, safe and economical concept by the end of the decade.
General Fusion is developing utility-scale fusion power using a new, patent pending concept based on recent developments in Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF). It is the goal of General Fusion to demonstrate and commercialize this new clean, safe and economical concept by the end of the decade.
6
Country: USA | Funding: $337.8M
Zap Energy intends to build commercial fusion reactor that does not employ magnets, cryogenics or high-powered lasers. This technology is known as sheared-flow-stabilized Z-pinch. It's an electromagnetic phenomenon where electric currents create magnetic fields so powerful that they compress matter. Zap's reactor uses electrodes to send electricity through deuterium/tritium plasma, which causes the plasma to generate a magnetic field. When the temperature reaches millions of degrees Fahrenheit and magnetic field is strong enough (gigapascals) - the plasma is compressed to the point where particles fuse (and began to generate more energy than consume). The company has set the world record of the resulting pressure/heat (though there is also third quality parameter - duration)
Zap Energy intends to build commercial fusion reactor that does not employ magnets, cryogenics or high-powered lasers. This technology is known as sheared-flow-stabilized Z-pinch. It's an electromagnetic phenomenon where electric currents create magnetic fields so powerful that they compress matter. Zap's reactor uses electrodes to send electricity through deuterium/tritium plasma, which causes the plasma to generate a magnetic field. When the temperature reaches millions of degrees Fahrenheit and magnetic field is strong enough (gigapascals) - the plasma is compressed to the point where particles fuse (and began to generate more energy than consume). The company has set the world record of the resulting pressure/heat (though there is also third quality parameter - duration)
7
Country: UK | Funding: $287M
Tokamak Energy aims to accelerate the development of fusion energy. Tokamak Energy was founded by leading scientists from the world’s leading fusion research establishment at Culham to develop the potential to use fusion neutrons for a variety of applications from material treatments to medical applications or low cost hydrogen production. The technology is also applicable in the area of nuclear waste, where it...
Tokamak Energy aims to accelerate the development of fusion energy. Tokamak Energy was founded by leading scientists from the world’s leading fusion research establishment at Culham to develop the potential to use fusion neutrons for a variety of applications from material treatments to medical applications or low cost hydrogen production. The technology is also applicable in the area of nuclear waste, where it...
8
Country: China | Funding: CN¥1.5B
Neo Fusion is building and operating BEST (Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting) tokamak at the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It utilizes "burning plasma" i.e., regime close to self-sustaining nuclear fusion. Neo Fusion is 50% controlled by state-owned energy companies (China National Petroleum Corporation and Hefei Science Island) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The company plans to use nuclear fusion technology to produce enterprise energy appliances, providing businesses with clean energy technologies that generate electricity without generating radioactive waste.
Neo Fusion is building and operating BEST (Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting) tokamak at the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It utilizes "burning plasma" i.e., regime close to self-sustaining nuclear fusion. Neo Fusion is 50% controlled by state-owned energy companies (China National Petroleum Corporation and Hefei Science Island) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The company plans to use nuclear fusion technology to produce enterprise energy appliances, providing businesses with clean energy technologies that generate electricity without generating radioactive waste.
9
Country: Germany | Funding: €196.5M
Proxima Fusion creates new types of power plants using stellarators that optimised to create magnetic cages for high-energy particles.
Proxima Fusion creates new types of power plants using stellarators that optimised to create magnetic cages for high-energy particles.
10
Country: Germany | Funding: €165.3M
Its innovative approach to fusion energy sets Marvel Fusion apart from its competitors. Instead of relying on temperature to reach fusion conditions, Marvel Fusion uses particle acceleration, making the approach much more efficient than conventional thermal approaches to fusion.
Its innovative approach to fusion energy sets Marvel Fusion apart from its competitors. Instead of relying on temperature to reach fusion conditions, Marvel Fusion uses particle acceleration, making the approach much more efficient than conventional thermal approaches to fusion.
11
Country: Japan | Funding: ¥22.3B
Kyoto Fusioneering is a research & development, design, and manufacture of parts related to fusion reactors.
Kyoto Fusioneering is a research & development, design, and manufacture of parts related to fusion reactors.
12
Country: USA | Funding: $121.7M
Focused Energy works to commercialize inertial fusion energy (IFE), which involves the use of high-power laser beams to spark a fusion reaction.
Focused Energy works to commercialize inertial fusion energy (IFE), which involves the use of high-power laser beams to spark a fusion reaction.
13
Country: USA | Funding: $117.8M
Xcimer Energy offers a laser-driven fusion to provide cheap, abundant, and carbon-free energy.
Xcimer Energy offers a laser-driven fusion to provide cheap, abundant, and carbon-free energy.
14
Country: UK | Funding: $107M
First Light Fusion (FLF) develops Inertial confinement fusion reactor that can produce power.
First Light Fusion (FLF) develops Inertial confinement fusion reactor that can produce power.
15
Country: USA | Funding: $82.5M
Type One Energy uses an enhanced version of a 1957 experimental device invented by US scientist Lyman Spitzer called the “stellarator” to generate nuclear fusion reactions.
Type One Energy uses an enhanced version of a 1957 experimental device invented by US scientist Lyman Spitzer called the “stellarator” to generate nuclear fusion reactions.
16
Country: USA | Funding: $55M
Avalanche Energy is a fusion energy startup that develops micro-fusion reactors that can be used in space.
Avalanche Energy is a fusion energy startup that develops micro-fusion reactors that can be used in space.
17
Country: France | Funding: €47M
Renaissance Fusion is a high-temperature superconductor and stellarator company. Unlike most nuclear fusion experiments that are based on tokamaks, Renaissance Fusion is working on a stellarator reactor.
Renaissance Fusion is a high-temperature superconductor and stellarator company. Unlike most nuclear fusion experiments that are based on tokamaks, Renaissance Fusion is working on a stellarator reactor.
18
Country: USA | Funding: $48M
Realta Fusion develops fusion energy technology for the production of industrial heat and power.
Realta Fusion develops fusion energy technology for the production of industrial heat and power.
19
Country: USA | Funding: $39.4M
Acceleron Fusion intends to generate limitless clean energy using muon-catalyzed fusion.
Acceleron Fusion intends to generate limitless clean energy using muon-catalyzed fusion.
20
Country: Japan | Funding: $35M
With our helical-type fusion reactors, Helical Fusion will create a sustainable and stable energy source that will enable the coexistence of humans and the Earth for the next million years.
With our helical-type fusion reactors, Helical Fusion will create a sustainable and stable energy source that will enable the coexistence of humans and the Earth for the next million years.
